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A new study suggests that pollution of all kinds kills about 9 million people worldwide each year.
一项新的研究表明，全球每年约有900万人死于各种污染。
Air pollution from industrial processes and the expansion of cities accounted for about 75 percent of the deaths, researchers found.
研究人员发现，工业过程和城市扩张造成的空气污染所导致的死亡约占75%。
Air pollution also drove a 7 percent increase in all pollution-related deaths from 2015 to 2019.
从2015年到2019年，空气污染还导致所有与污染有关的死亡人数增加了7%。
The study was a cooperative effort between environmental interest groups and scientists.
这项研究是环境利益组织和科学家合作的成果。
It was based on examinations of worldwide death rates and pollution levels.
它是基于对全球死亡率和污染水平的调查。
The findings recently appeared in the publication Lancet Planetary Health.
该研究结果最近发表在《柳叶刀·星球健康》杂志上。
The study separated traditional contaminants from more modern pollutants.
这项研究将传统污染物与现代污染物分开。
Examples of traditional contaminants are indoor smoke or wastewater.
传统污染物的例子是室内烟雾或废水。
Modern pollutants include air pollution from vehicles or industrial activities and poisonous chemicals.
现代污染物包括汽车或工业活动造成的空气污染和有毒化学物质。
The researchers found that deaths from traditional pollutants are dropping worldwide.
研究人员发现，在全球范围内，传统污染物造成的死亡人数正在下降。
But they still remain a major problem in Africa and some other developing countries.
但在非洲和其他一些发展中国家，它们仍然是一个主要问题。
Contaminated water, soil and dirty indoor air made Chad, the Central African Republic and Niger the top three nations with the most pollution-related deaths.
被污染的水、土壤和污浊的室内空气使乍得、中非共和国和尼日尔成为与污染有关的死亡人数最多的三个国家。
In some countries, state programs to cut indoor air pollution and improvements in sanitation have helped reduce death rates.
在一些国家，减少室内空气污染和改善卫生条件的国家计划有助于降低死亡率。
In Ethiopia and Nigeria, for example, such efforts cut deaths by two-thirds between 2000 and 2019, the study found.
例如，该研究发现，在埃塞俄比亚和尼日利亚，这类措施在2000年至2019年期间将死亡人数减少了三分之二。
Modern kinds of pollution are rising in most countries, especially developing ones, the researchers said.
研究人员表示，在大多数国家，尤其是发展中国家，现代污染物在增加。
Deaths caused by modern pollutants--such as heavy metals, agricultural chemicals and carbon emissions--are "skyrocketing," said study co-writer Rachael Kupka.
该研究的合著者瑞秋·库普卡说，现代污染物——如重金属、农用化学品和碳排放物——导致的死亡人数在“飙升”。
She heads the New York-based Global Alliance on Health and Pollution.
她是总部设在纽约的全球健康与污染联盟的负责人。
Kupka said deaths linked to modern pollutants had risen 66 percent since 2000.
库普卡说，自2000年以来，与现代污染物有关的死亡人数上升了66%。
The study found that several major cities--including Bangkok, Beijing and Mexico City, had seen success in reducing outdoor air pollution.
该研究发现，包括曼谷、北京和墨西哥城在内的几个主要城市在减少室外空气污染方面取得了成功。
But in many smaller cities, pollution levels continued to climb.
但在许多较小的城市，污染水平继续攀升。
The researchers noted that pollution now kills about the same number of people a year around the world as cigarette smoking and second-hand smoke combined.
研究人员指出，现在全世界每年死于污染的人数与吸烟和吸二手烟死亡的人数的总和大致相同。
"Nine million deaths is a lot of deaths," Philip Landrigan told The Associated Press about the study results.
关于研究结果，菲利普·兰德里根在接受美联社采访时表示：“死亡人数900万是很大的数字。”
He is director of the Global Public Health Program and Global Pollution Observatory at Boston College in Massachusetts.
他是马萨诸塞州波士顿学院全球公共卫生计划和全球污染观察站的主任。
"The bad news is that it's not decreasing," Landrigan added.
兰德里根还说：“坏消息是，它并没有减少”。
"We're making gains in the easy stuff and we're seeing the more difficult stuff, which is the outdoor industrial air pollution and chemical pollution, still going up."
“我们在容易解决的问题上取得了进展，但我们也看到了更难解决的问题，即户外工业空气污染和化学污染，仍在加剧。”
The study makes several suggestions for ways to cut the number of deaths.
该研究就如何减少死亡人数提出了几点建议。
These include creating better recording and reporting methods and stronger government policies to reduce pollution linked to industrial activities and vehicle emissions.
其中包括创建更好的记录和报告方法以及更强有力的政府政策，以减少与工业活动和汽车排放物有关的污染。
Dr. Lynn Goldman leads the George Washington University School of Public Health in Washington DC.
林恩·戈德曼博士是华盛顿特区乔治·华盛顿大学公共卫生学院的负责人。
She was not part of the study.
她没有参与这项研究。
Goldman told the AP she thinks such human loss to pollution is highly preventable.
戈德曼告诉美联社，她认为污染造成的这种人类损失是完全可以预防的。
"Each and every one of them is a death that is unnecessary," she said.
她说：“他们中每一个人的死亡都是不必要的”。
Goldman added that the estimates in the study make sense to her, even though she thinks the number of pollution deaths is likely higher.
戈德曼还说，该研究中的评估对她来说是有意义的，尽管她认为由污染所导致的死亡人数可能更多。
I'm Bryan Lynn.
布莱恩·林恩为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
