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把握经济全球化大势 坚定不移全面扩大开放(3)(中英对照)

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III. Adapting to the new trend of economic globalization in the post-Covid world and promoting a new development dynamic

三、把握疫情后经济全球化新动向,推动构建新发展格局

President Xi has pointed out that, as the world enters a period of turmoil and change, a backlash is occurring against economic globalization. He has argued that changes in the global political and economic environment have intensified the trend of de-globalization, as some countries have engaged in unilateralism and protectionism, thus significantly weakening the traditional international flow. China's new development dynamic, President Xi has stressed, is not a closed loop, but rather made up of open and mutually reinforcing domestic and international flows. China does not seek to develop only itself or to engage in zero-sum games, nor will it pursue development behind closed doors; rather, it aims to foster, over time, a new development dynamic that is focused on domestic flows while facilitating positive interplay between domestic and international flows. This will create more space for China's economic development and add impetus to global economic recovery and growth.

习近平总书记指出,经济全球化遭遇逆流,世界进入动荡变革期;随着全球政治经济环境变化,逆全球化趋势加剧,有的国家大搞单边主义、保护主义,传统国际循环明显弱化;新发展格局决不是封闭的国内循环,而是开放的、相互促进的国内国际双循环;我们不追求一枝独秀,不搞你输我赢,也不会关起门来封闭运行,将逐步形成以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局,为中国经济发展开辟空间,为世界经济复苏和增长增添动力。

The world economic landscape is going through profound changes.

当前世界经济形势发生深刻变化。

The international environment is increasingly complex, marked by a significant increase in instability and uncertainty. Global trade and investment growth is sluggish. Before the international financial crisis, global trade grew twice as fast as the global economy, but since then, growth in global trade and economy has roughly been on the same level. International organizations estimate that global trade would fall by about 30% in 2020, and will rebound by only 7.2% in 2021. Global direct investment would fall by 40%, with a further fall of 5% to 10% predicted for 2021. As populism and trade protectionism intensify, they are spreading from traditional industries to emerging and high-tech industries. Restrictions on international investment have been tightened.

国际环境日趋复杂,不稳定性不确定性明显增加。全球贸易投资增长低迷,国际金融危机前,全球贸易增速是经济增速的2倍,危机后则与经济增速大体持平。国际组织预测今年全球贸易下降30%左右,明年仅反弹7.2%;全球直接投资下降40%,明年继续下降5%—10%。民粹主义加剧,贸易保护主义升温,由传统行业向新兴产业、高技术产业扩展。国际投资限制加强。

The conditions of China's development are changing.

我国开放发展条件发生新变化。

China's traditional advantages are being diminished while new ones are still in the process of being cultivated. In recent years, China's working population has gradually decreased, its cost advantages have been weakened, and some important resources have been in short supply. In 2019, China imported 80%, 72%, and 86% of its iron ore, crude oil, and soybeans, respectively. New advantages in areas like R&D, technology, standards, branding, and marketing still need to be further improved. The task of achieving high-quality development is indeed urgent. Yet, the advantages of China's vast market are obvious. China's economy is the second largest in the world. It has a per capita GDP of over US$10,000, a population of 1.4 billion, and a middle-income group of more than 400 million people. It possesses the world's most complete and largest industrial system with a full set of supporting capabilities. China is the world's most promising large market and its international attractiveness continues to grow.

传统优势减弱,新优势正在培育。近年来,我国劳动人口逐步减少,成本优势弱化,部分重要资源短缺,2019年铁矿砂、原油、大豆的对外依存度分别为80%、72%和86%,研发、技术、标准、品牌、营销等新优势有待提升,高质量发展的任务紧迫。超大规模市场优势显现。我国经济总量居世界第二,人均GDP超过1万美元,拥有14亿人口、4亿多中等收入群体,还有全球最完整、规模最大的工业体系和完善的配套能力,是全球最有潜力的大市场,国际吸引力持续增强。

In the face of major changes in the domestic and international environments, as well as the arrival of a new stage of economic development, China will follow a new development philosophy, promote high-quality development, and accelerate the creation of a new development pattern. China will continue to implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand, it will open wider to the world on all fronts, and it will promote positive interplay between domestic and international flows.

面对国内外环境的重大变化,把握我国进入新发展阶段的新特征,我们坚持新发展理念,坚持高质量发展,提出加快构建新发展格局。我们要实施扩大内需战略,全面扩大对外开放,促进国内国际双循环良性互动。

Building a large unified market accessible to the world. China has promoted far-reaching reform with high-standard opening up. It has improved urban and rural circulation networks, developed consumption, including spending on services, in urban and rural areas, promoted the integration of domestic and foreign trade, and expanded imports through its hosting of the China International Import Expo. In 2019, China's total retail sales of consumer goods reached 41 trillion yuan, second in the world. Imports reached US$2.1 trillion, and are expected to grow to US$22 trillion over the next decade. The Third China International Import Expo generated deals worth US$72.62 billion, helping to expand international demand despite the Covid-19 epidemic. Going forward, China will promote consumer spending in all domains, modernize trade flows, and expand imports of high-quality goods and services. We will make the Chinese market a market for the whole world to share in.

——建设全球共享的统一大市场。以高水平开放促深层次改革,完善城乡流通网络,大力发展城市、农村、服务消费,促进内外贸一体化,举办进博会积极扩大进口。2019年,我国社会消费品零售总额达41万亿元,稳居世界第二;进口2.1万亿美元,预计未来10年进口22万亿美元,第三届进博会成交726.2亿美元,在疫情下扩大了国际需求。未来,我们将全面促进消费,完善现代商贸流通体系,扩大高质量商品和服务进口,让中国市场成为世界的市场、共享的市场、大家的市场。

Attaining new standards in opening up. China will align its efforts to create a new development dynamic with the implementation of its coordinated regional development strategy and the development of pilot free trade zones. It will encourage pilot free trade zones to boldly carry out trials, make breakthroughs, and drive change. The development of Hainan's free trade port will also be accelerated. To date, 21 pilot free trade zones have been established, and 260 proven innovation outcomes have been replicated and applied elsewhere. The general plan for the development of the Hainan free trade port has been launched; it will promote the free flow of goods, services, capital, people, and information. In the coming period, China will push for high-quality development of pilot free trade zones and ports, developing them as important strategic nodes for the country's new development.

——打造对外开放新高地。把构建新发展格局同实施国家区域协调发展战略、建设自贸试验区等衔接起来,鼓励自贸试验区大胆试、大胆闯、自主改,加快推进海南自贸港建设。目前已设立21个自贸试验区,复制推广了260项制度创新成果。海南自贸港建设总体方案出台,推动商品、服务、资金、人员、信息等自由流动。未来,我们要推动自贸试验区、自贸港高质量发展,打造新发展格局的重要战略支点。

Promoting more open rules and institutions. Working to ensure alignment with international economic and trade rules, China has enhanced transparency, strengthened the protection of property rights, encouraged competition, and opposed monopoly practices to achieve a sustained improvement to its business environment. It has improved the management system for foreign investment, fully instituted a pre-entry national treatment plus negative list management system, and enacted the Foreign Investment Law. China's business environment has moved up to 31st place in the international rankings from 78th in 2017. The areas open to foreign investment have been consistently expanded to cover 120 of the 160 service sectors defined by the WTO. China has furthered reforms to streamline administration, delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services in the areas open to foreign investment in both inland and border regions. In the future, more attention will be paid to rules, regulations, management, standards and other forms of institutional openness, as China works to create a new and improved open economic system.

——推动规则等制度型开放。积极同国际经贸规则对接,增强透明度,强化产权保护,鼓励竞争、反对垄断,营商环境持续优化。完善外资管理体制,全面实施准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理制度,出台外商投资法,营商环境国际排名从2017年的78位提升至第31位。开放领域和布局不断扩大,在世贸组织定义的160个服务部门中,我国开放了120多个;深入推进开放领域放管服改革,深化内陆和沿边开放。未来,我们将更加注重规则、规制、管理、标准等制度型开放,形成更高水平开放型经济新体制。

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