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panacea .
【考法 1】 n. 万能药，万灵药： a remedy for all ills or difficulties
【例】 a woman who seems to believe that chicken soup is a panacea for nearly everything 一个相信鸡汤是万能灵药的妇女‖Bicycles are not a panacea for the traffic problem. 自行车并不是解决交通问题的万能药。
【近】 catholicon, cure-all, elixir, nostrum
perquisite .
【考法 1】 n. 额外的好处： something given in addition to what is ordinarily expected or owed
【例】 give the movers a perquisite if they do a good job 如果搬家工人做得好就会获得一定的小费‖The use of a company car is one perquisite of the job. 能使用公司的汽车是这项工作的附加好处之一。
【近】 cumshaw, dividend, donative, extra, gratuity, gravy, lagniappe, perk, tip
petulant .
【考法 1】 adj. 易怒的，爱发脾气的： easily irritated or annoyed
【例】 He is a petulant and fussy man who is always blaming everyone else for his problems. 他是一个对细节非常在意而又容易生气的人，还总是把自己的问题怪罪到别人的头上。
【近】 choleric, grouchy, grumpy, irascible, irritable, peevish, perverse, pettish, prickly, raspy, ratty, stuffy, testy
【反】 forbearing, obliging, patient, stoic , tolerant 容忍的，忍让的
【派】 petulance n. 易怒，坏脾气
pitfall .
【考法 1】 n. 陷阱： a pit flimsily covered or camouflaged and used to capture and hold animals or men
【例】 caught in a pitfall 掉下了陷阱‖Renting a house can be full of pitfalls for the unwary. 对于那些不注意的人来说租房也是危机四伏的。
【近】 catch, gimmick, gotcha, hitch, joker, snag, snare, trap
【考法 2】 n. （不易察觉的）危害： a hidden or not easily recognized danger or difficulty
【例】 One of the pitfalls of ignorance is that people will also assume you are stupid. 无知的一个危害就是，人们总会假设你一无所知。
【近】 hazard, imminence, menace, peril, risk, threat, trouble
placid .
【考法 1】 adj. 宁静的，风平浪静的： free from storms or physical disturbance
【例】 a vacation in the placid lake community 在宁静的湖区度过的假日
【近】 calm, halcyon, hushed, peaceful, quiet, serene, still, stilly, tranquil, untroubled
【反】 boisterous, clamorous, noisy, raucous, roistering, rowdy, tumultuous, uproarious 喧闹的
【考法 2】 adj. 冷静的，淡定的： free from emotional or mental agitation
【例】 I know an exceptionally placid mother who was rarely upset by her six children 我认识一个异常淡定的母亲，她几乎从未因为自己的六个孩子而烦恼过。
【近】 collected, composed, coolheaded, level, limpid, possessed, recollected, sedate, undisturbed, unperturbed
【反】 agitated, discomposed, disturbed, flustered, perturbed, upset 不安的，焦虑的
【派】 placidity n.宁静，安宁
playful .
【考法 1】 adj. 爱开玩笑的，好打闹的： given to good-natured joking or teasing
【例】 The little girl was lighthearted and playful. 小女孩性格很轻松愉快，喜欢和别人打闹。
【近】 antic, coltish, elfish, fay, frisky, frolicsome, larky, rollicking, sportive
【反】 earnest, grave, serious, sober, solemn, somber 严肃的
prerequisite .
【考法 1】 n. 先决条件，前提： something that is necessary to an end or to the carrying out of a function
【例】 Competence is prerequisite to promotion. 能力是提升的必要条件。‖I don't think a large dwelling place is a prerequisite for a happy life. 我并不认为大的住所就能带来幸福的生活。
【近】 condition, essential, must, necessity, precondition, requirement, requisite, sine qua non
prerogative .
【考法 1】 n. 特权，权力： an exclusive or special right, power, or privilege
【例】 It is your prerogative to refuse to attend religious services. 你有权力不参加宗教活动。
【近】 appanage, birthright, entitlement, privilege, right
proclaim .
【考法 1】 vt. 宣告，使…公之于众： to declare publicly, typically insistently, proudly, or defiantly and in either
speech or writing
【例】 wearing a button that proclaimed my choice for president 身上挂着一个纽扣，它能够彰显我支持谁当总统‖He launched a coup and proclaimed himself president. 他发动了一场政变，然后宣称自己已成为总统。
【近】 advertise, announce, blare, blazon, broadcast, declare, enunciate, herald, promulgate, publicize, publish, release, trumpet
【反】 conceal, hide 隐藏；silence, suppress 压制（观点的发表）
project .
【考法 1】 n. 方案，计划： a specific plan or design
【例】 an ambitious project to develop the city's underground transport 一项开发城市地下交通系统的雄心勃勃的计划
【近】 arrangement, blueprint, design, plan, program, scheme, strategy, system, road map
【考法 2】 vi. 凸出： to extend outward beyond a usual point
【例】 Some boulders projected dangerously out above the trail. 一些巨石非常危险地在道路上凸了出来。
【近】 balloon, beetle, billow, bunch, jut, overhang, poke, pouch, pout, protrude, swell
【考法 3】 vt. 预测，预计： to calculate, estimate, or predict (something in the future), based on present data or trends
【例】 projecting next year's expenses 预测明年的开销
【近】 augur, estimate, extrapolate, forecast, predict, predetermine, presage
【派】 projected adj. 计划的；projection n. 凸起物；投影
vt. 宣布，宣告，声称，预示
vi. 作播音
